Friday, September 28, 2012

Black Walnut Processing

Ah-HA!  The Internet and it's endless resources!
So, I began processing Black Walnuts today for the first time.  I had heard that if you take a thick piece of plywood with a whole in it, and then smash the nut that the husk & hull will come off and it will leave the nut.  When I thought about that, I didn't know how big to make the hole, because the nuts seem to be different sizes, so then I just thought- hey, how have humans figured this stuff out?  Well, just start smashing!

So, quickly I learned some useful things about the anatomy of the nut.  How the husk is soft and on the outside, the hard shell is on the inside, and a couple nuts are inside there, tucked in.  I also learned how my hands can quickly become stained when processing the husks.   I was having trouble getting the nuts out whole, and also was feeling unclear about if the nuts were ready to eat at this phase (at least for squirrels), or if there was another process....

Coming in to the computer, I came across this useful resource of someone explaining the process he goes through to process black walnuts.  Very thorough and accessible.  So, here you go:

Black Walnut Processing

Part ONE (1st Half):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cPNn7WyPkk&feature=relmfu
Part ONE (2nd Half):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUpsaokMYBQ&feature=relmfu
Part Two:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW__UlLoyzU&feature=relmfu

AND ONE MORE TECHNIQUE:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5wjt10Rmvw&feature=related

ENJOY!

Thursday, September 27, 2012

Lemon Cucumber & Tomato Salad!


A take on my mother's hand-me-down recipe is the Italian Tomato Salad, which includes:
-Tomatoes
-Onions
-Garlic
-Cucumbers
all roughly chopped
and then covered with Olive Oil, Balsamic Vinaigrette, Oregano, Chopped Basil (optional), and Salt & Pepper to taste.

mmmm!
Rather than what was conventionally sold in store, this Italian Tomato Salad had some fresh-out-of-the-garden Lemon Cucumbers, walla walla onions, paste tomatoes, golden sun cherry tomatoes, and our garlic (which I don't remember anymore what the variety is because it was handed down to me in Vermont and been so many years now!
mmmmmm!

Oh yes, and an important recipe note: the longer the Italian Tomato Salad sits, the less acidic the onions are, and the more the flavor has melded with the oils & vinaigrette.  Best left in the fridge for at least a few hours, if not more!
ENJOY!

Aquaponics, Root Systems & Seedlings




These plants were pulled from the Aquaponics Greenhouse, while thinning/weeding.  In doing so, and because there is no soil that weighs on the plants, just layers of rocks and pebbles of which the plants' roots can easily wiggle out, beautiful root systems were revealed.  On the left a young watermelon plant, and on the right a bunch of young leggy tomatillos.  It is interesting to notice how they create their roots... many and thin, shallow, thick and fewer, more central, long, short.  We can learn a lot here to observe these root systems....

That being said, with these young plants coming out of the aquaponics growbeds so easily, without damaging any of the roots, I think about the upcoming Spring and starting seedlings and transplants.  I remember Noah telling me just this sort of thing- that using the aquaponic system to start plants was a great way to use the rock/pebble grow beds with lots of substrate to move through.  A-ha!  So now I see it for myself.  Another benefit for seedlings starting in the aquaponic growbeds, is that they will always have water at their access- an essential element in keeping young plants happy and thriving.

....Till the Spring!

Beware the Black Walnut!

The wolf in sheep's clothing, or rather, the nut in a lime citrus fruit's husk; Juglans nigra; and most commonly known as the Black Walnut.
A beautiful, rapidly growing nut tree with BIG nuts! (and did I mention hard ones to open!)  Their leaves and the nuts look almost tropical with their breezy palm nature. 


However, Black Walnuts do not get along with some other plants.  All parts of their body (roots, nuts, leaves) secrete a chemical called juglone that can be toxic to other plants, causing them to wilt, stunt growth, yellow leaves, and eventual death.  As you can see above, this is such the case with the Gooseberry bush I unknowingly planted right underneath the Black Walnut (because gooseberries can handle shade!  But NOT the shade of a black walnut!).  Here is a list as found on Morton Aboretum's website of plants that are sensitive to Black Walnut's juglone:



PLANTS SENSITIVE TO BLACK WALNUT TOXICITY



Annuals and vegetables: asparagus, cabbage, eggplant, flowering tobacco, pepper, petunia, potato, tomato


Herbaceous perennials: autumn crocus, baptisia, columbine, lily (Asian hybrids), peony, rhubarb
Shrubs: blueberry, red chokeberry, cotoneaster, Amur honeysuckle, hydrangea, lilac, privet, potentilla, rhododendron, yew, and some viburnum shrub species
Trees: European alder, white birch, crabapple species, hackberry, larch, linden, saucer magnolia, mugo pine, red pine, white pine, Norway spruce, silver maple, and some viburnum tree species

Luckily, Black Walnut DOES get along with other plants.  Many of them!  Check it out- if you're on this list, you've got a friendship in store:

PLANTS TOLERANT OF BLACK WALNUT TOXICITY


TREES
Box ElderAcer negundoSilverbellcamera_iconHalesia tetraptera
Japanese MapleAcer palmatum & cvs.WitchhazelHamamelis spp.
Red Maplecamera_iconAcer rubrumSweetgumcamera_iconLiquidambar styraciflua
Sugar Maplecamera_iconAcer saccharumTuliptreecamera_iconLiriodendron tulipifera
Ohio Buckeyecamera_iconAesculus glabraCucumber Treecamera_iconMagnolia acuminata
Sweet BuckeyeAesculus octandraMulberryMorus spp.
Tree of HeavenAilanthus altissimaBlackgumNyssa sylvatica
ServiceberryAmelanchier spp.Sycamorecamera_iconPlatanus occidentalis
Pawpawcamera_iconAsimina trilobaAmerican PlumPrunus americana
Sweet BirchBetula lentaPin CherryPrunus pensylvanica
Yellow BirchBetula luteaWild Black CherryPrunus serotina
River Birchcamera_iconBetula nigraWhite Oakcamera_iconQuercus alba
American Hornbeamcamera_iconCarpinus carolinianaScarlet OakQuercus coccinea
HickoryCarya spp.Shingle OakQuercus imbricaria
ChestnutCastanea dentataRed Oakcamera_iconQuercus rubra
Catalpacamera_icon   camera icon
Catalpa bignonioides
Catalpa speciosa
Black OakQuercus velutina
Redbudcamera_iconCercis canadensisStaghorn Sumaccamera_iconRhus typhina

Black LocustRobinia pseudoacacia
HawthornCrataegus spp.WillowSalix spp.
Persimmoncamera_iconDiospyros virginianaSassafrascamera_iconSassafras albidum
BeechFagus grandifoliaAmerican ElmUlmus americana
White AshFraxinus americanaSlippery ElmUlmus rubra
Black AshFraxinus nigra
Honeylocust (and thornless Honeylocust)camera_iconGleditsia triacanthos andGleditsia triacanthos f.inermis
EVERGREENS
Chinese Junipercamera_iconJuniperus chinensisArborvitaeThuja spp.
Common JuniperJuniperus communisEastern Hemlockcamera_iconTsuga canadensis
Red CedarJuniperus virginiana
VINES
Dutchman's PipeAristolochia duriorVirginia CreeperParthenocissus spp.
BittersweetCelastrus spp.GreenbriarSmilax spp.
ClematisClematis ssp.Wild GrapeVitis spp.
Honeysuckle VineLonicera spp.
SHRUBS
Speckled AlderAlnus rugosaExbury RhododendronRhododendron hybrids
Hercules-clubAralia spinosaFragrant Sumaccamera_iconRhus aromatica
Spicebushcamera_iconLindera benzoinShining Sumaccamera_iconRhus copallina
New Jersey Teacamera_iconCeanothus americanusSmooth Sumaccamera_iconRhus glabra
Fringe Treecamera_iconChionanthus virginicusCurrantRibes spp.
Pagoda Dogwoodcamera_iconCornus alternifoliaWild RoseRosa spp.
Silky DogwoodCornus amomumBlack RaspberryRubus occidentalis
American Hazelnutcamera_iconCorylus americanaPurple RaspberryRubus odoratus
February DaphneDaphne mezereumElderberrySambucus spp.
EuonymusEuonymus spp.BladdernutStaphylea trifolia
ForsythiaForsythia spp.Mapleleaf Viburnumcamera_iconViburnum acerfolium
Rose of SharonHibiscus syriacusFragrant Viburnumcamera_iconViburnum carlesii & cvs.
Shrubby St. JohnwortHypericum prolificumArrowwoodcamera_iconViburnum dentatum
Beautybushcamera_iconKolkwitzia amabilisBlackhawcamera_iconViburnum prunifolium
Honeysuckle (most)Lonicera spp.Adam's NeedleYucca spp.
NinebarkPhysocarpus opulifoliusPrickly AshZanthoxylum americanum
HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, SPRING WILDFLOWERS AND BULBS
BugleweedAjuga spp.Perennial SunflowerHelianthus spp.
HollyhockAlcea roseaDaylilyHemerocallis spp.
WindflowerAnemone spp.Coral BellHeuchera spp.
Jack-in-the-PulpitArisaema triphllyumHostaHosta spp.
Wild GingerAsarum spp.Siberian IrisIris sibirica
AsterAster spp.Bush CloverLespedeza spp.
AstilbeAstilbe spp.LobeliaLobelia spp.
Lady FernAthyrium spp.PeppermintMentha piperita
Rattlesnake FernBotrychium spp.Bee BalmMonarda spp.
BellflowerCampanula spp.Grape HyacinthMuscari spp.
ChrysanthemumChrysanthemum spp.Daffodil selectedNarcissus spp.
Spring BeautyClaytonia spp.Evening PrimroseOenothera spp.
Fragile FernCystopteris fragilisSensitive FernOnoclea sensibilis
ToothwortDentaria spp.Cinnamon FernOsmunda cinnamomea
Bleeding HeartDicentra spectabilisSummer PhloxPhlox paniculata
Leopard's BaneDoronicum spp.False DragonheadPhysostegia spp.
Wood FernDryopteris spp.May ApplePodophyllum peltatum
Winter AconiteEranthis hyemalisJacob's LadderPolemonium reptans
Joe-pyeweedEupatorium spp.Solomon's SealPolygonatum spp.
Sweet WoodruffGalium odoratumChristmas FernPolystichum spp.
CranesbillGeranium spp.PrimrosePrimula spp.
Lungwort .Pulmonaria sppSpiderwortTradescantia virginiana
ButtercupRanunculus spp.TrilliumTrillium spp.
Black-eyed SusanRudbeckia spp.Tulipselected Tulipa spp.
BloodrootSanguinaria canadensisBellwortUvularia spp.
StonecropSedum spp.SpeedwellVeronica spp.
GoldenrodSolidago spp.VioletViola spp.
Lamb's EarsStachys byzantina


References: The Morton Arboretum website, 
http://www.mortonarb.org/tree-plant-advice/article/887/plants-tolerant-of-black-walnut-toxicity.html